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Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of A. paniculata, a well-recognized medicinal plant in Asia. It exerts a wide range of therapeutic actions, including immunosuppressant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiviral, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidative stress, antipyretic, antioedematogenic, and antinociceptive activities.1 Andrographolide treatment inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) binding to DNA promoters of target genes (IC50 = ~15 μM), by forming a covalent adduct with reduced cysteine (62) of the NF-κB p50 subunit, and can also induce expression of the CYP1A subfamily of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes.2,3 At 5 μg/g body weight it can suppress the activation of NF-κB in stimulated endothelial cells, reducing the expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, abrogating the cytokine- and endotoxin-induced peritoneal infiltration of neutrophils, attenuating septic shock, and preventing allergic lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.3
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